Egypt has been ranked as the 27th most-polluted country in the world in 2021 due to its high levels of PM2.5 and PM10 particulate matter, which mainly come from transportation, industry, and the open burning of solid organic waste material. Dust blown in from surrounding desert regions also contributes to the pollution. The lack of rain exacerbates the problem, as falling rain helps to clean the air. Carbon monoxide emissions from vehicles mix with the PM particles, further worsening the air quality. Climate change-induced extreme weather patterns also have a direct impact on public health, leading to serious illnesses and even death. Despite the high levels of air pollution in cities like Cairo, reducing carbon emissions is not a priority on the national agenda, as Egypt’s contribution to global emissions is less than 1%. Air pollution poses a significant threat to public health, shortening the life expectancy of Egyptians by two years on average due to morbidity or disability. It was responsible for over 90,000 premature deaths in 2019 alone. Air pollution-related illnesses in 2016 included heart disease, stroke, and respiratory diseases and cancer. The economic burden of poor health due to climate change and air pollution is estimated at 1.35% of GDP, or EGP47 billion, in Greater Cairo alone. The primary source of PM2.5 air pollution in Cairo is road transport, with ageing private cars and taxis accounting for 80% of the problem. Agricultural slash and burn and industrial power are the second and third highest sources of pollution, respectively. Other sources of air pollution include waste mismanagement, desert dust, biomass burning, and domestic and commercial combustion. Despite some government action and donor support, the true benefits of reduced air pollution are not yet being realized. There are many practical steps that can be taken to reduce air pollution and promote clean air. One key approach is to reduce vehicle use and burn less fuel. This can be achieved through carpooling, biking, taking public transportation, telecommuting, and using electric vehicles. Additionally, keeping vehicles in good repair, checking tire pressure regularly, and fixing exhaust and oxygen sensor problems as soon as possible can help reduce fuel consumption and air pollution.